Red-eye effect

The red-eye effect in photography is the common appearance of red pupils in color photographs of eyes. It occurs when using a photographic flash at low lighting or at night. When a flash passes through the eyes and rebounds at the back of the eye, it causes a red reflex in an image, turning the subject's eyes red.

The hue is mostly caused by a high concentration of blood in the choroid.
The effect can also be influenced by the near proximity of the flash and camera lens.
In children, a different hue red reflex, such as white or yellow, may indicate an illness.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

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